J Wildl Dis 44:417–426Ĭalifornia Department of Pesticide Regulation (2013) DPR 13-002 Designating brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum, and difethialone (second generation anticoagulant rodenticide products) as restricted materials. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58:451–459īerny P, Gaillet J (2008) Acute poisoning of red kites ( Milvus milvus) in France: data from the SAGIR network.
#Massachusetts birds of prey full#
Continued monitoring of AR residues in nontarget species following full implementation of sales and packaging restrictions in the US is needed in order to elucidate the role of PMP use of SGARs in wildlife exposures and to evaluate the effectiveness of current mitigation measures.Īlbert CA, Wilson LK, Mineau P, Trudeau S, Elliott JE (2010) Anticoagulant rodenticides in three owl species from western Canada, 1988–2003. This study finds that the three SGARs favored by PMPs-bromadiolone, difethialone, brodifacoum-were present in combination in the majority of birds, with increases in multiple exposures driven by increased detections of bromadiolone and difethialone. Pesticide use reports (PURs) filed with the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources were reviewed to determine the frequency of use of different ARs by pest management professionals (PMPs) across five years. A significant increase in exposures to multiple SGARs occurred in later years in the study. Sixty-six percent of all birds contained residues of two or more SGARs. Brodifacoum was found in 95% of all birds. Ninety-six percent of all birds tested were positive for SGARs: 100% of those diagnosed with AR toxicosis ante-mortem and/or post-mortem and 95% of subclinically exposed birds. Ninety-four birds were analyzed 16 were symptomatic for AR toxicosis, and 78 asymptomatic. This study analyzed liver tissue from four species of birds of prey admitted to a wildlife clinic in Massachusetts, USA, from 2012–2016 for residues of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs).
Restrictions on second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) in the United States, which were partially implemented in 2011, prohibit the sale of SGAR products through general consumer outlets to minimize use by non-professional or non-agricultural applicators.
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